udk,fusdK;pD;yGm;@ Drdkua@xGifoltar@ jrefrmjynfudpPwGif yËdyuQjzpfvm

&ef
• em;axmif
• Download story audio
&e

w &kwfEdkifiHodk @ ydk@aqmifrnfh opfvHk;rsm;udk e,fpyfrjzwfausmfrD jrefrmEdkifiH/ yefqef;wGif UWSA 0vufeufudkif wyfzGJ@rS t &m &Sdrsm u ppfaq;aeyHkudk 2005ckESpf atmufwdkbm 18 &ufae @u jzef@csdaom "mwfyHkwGif awG@ &ygonf ? jrefrmEdkifiH ajrmufydkif;rS opfvHk;rsm;udk wESpfv#if a':vm oef; 3000ef;usif w &m r0if ul;oef;a &mif 0,fonfudk w &kwfu odvsufESifh tultnDay;aeonf[k qdkygonf? (Photo: AFP)

EdkifiHwumwdkif;jynfawGu jrefrmjynfrSm 'Drdkua &pDeJ @ vl@tcGifhta & ;awG wdk;wufajymifvJvmzdk@ zdtm;ay; =udK;yrf;ae=uayr,fh w &kwfEdkifiHuawmh pD;yGm;a & ;vdkbudkom=unfhjyD; jrefrmjynfudk t"duxm; qufqHaeygw,f?

tar &duef tpdk; & &Jh r=umcifu xkwfjyefvdkufwJh trsdK;om;vHkjcHKa & ; r[mAsL[mrSm w &kwfEdkifiHudk tar &duef tusdK;pD;yGm;udk pdefac:aewJh EdkifiHtjzpf &Sif &Sif vif;vif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f?

jrefrmEdkifiH[m udk,fhtusdK;tjrwfom=unfhwJh w &kwfEdkifiHeJ @ 'Drdkua &pD puf0ef; csJ@xGifa & ; y"mejyKxm;wJh tar &duefwdk @ &J @ tusdK;pD;yGm; yËdyuQ &yf0ef wpfck jzpfvmaewJhta=umif; OD;ausmfrif;xGef;u owif; pkpnf;wifjyxm;ygw,f?

rwfv 16 &ufae @u xkwfjyefvdkufwJh tar &duef orwtdrfawmf trsdK;om; vHkjcHKa & ; r[mAsL[m pmwrf;rSm jynfolawGudk zdESdyftkyfcsKyfaewJh tpdk; &awGudk tqHk;owfa & ;qdkwJh r[mAsL[m &yfwnfcsufudk azmfjyxm;ygw,f?

'Dpmwrf;rSm w &kwfEdkifiH &Jh oHo,jzpfp &maumif wJh ppfa & ;csJ@xGifr_eJ@ w &kwfEdkifiH &J @ udk,fusdK;=unfh pD;yGm;a & ;rl0g'udkvnf; owday;xm;ygw,f? o,HZmwaygrsm; =uG,f0wJh jynfolawGudk zdESdyftkyfcsKyfaewJh tpdk; &awG / EdkifiHwum Oya'awGudk OayuQmjyKaewJh tpdk; &awGudk ulnDyHhydk;aewmawGudk &yfwef @zdk@ w &kwfEdkifiHacgif aqmifawGtaeeJ@ oabmayguf=u &rSmjzpfa =umif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f?

vGefcJhwJh rwfvqef;u tar &duef EdkifiHxkwf owif;pm=uD;awGrSm w &kwfjynf tajcpdkuf owif;axmuf wifrf *|efqifu w &kwf-jrefrm ukefoG,fa & ;eJ@ qufqHa & ;eJ@ ywfoufvdk@ owif;wyk'f a & ;om;azmfjycJhygw,f?

ola & ;om;xm;u wjcm;jynfyEdkifiHawGu ppftpdk; & tkyfcsKyfaewJh jrefrmjynfeJ@ jynfolawG vGwfajrmufa & ;twGuf 0dkif;0ef; =udK;yrf;ae=ucsdefrSm w &kwfjynfuawmh pD;yGm;a & ;t & tjrwftpGef; &zdk @ vrf;udkom a &G cs,fvkyfudkifaewJh ta=umif;jzpfygw,f?

tJ'Dvdkvkyfawmh/ tdrfeD;em;csif;rSm &SdwJh vlawGu tacsmifyJ=unfhaewm/ 'D zdk;orm;awG bmxkwfa &mif rvJayghAsm/

w &kwfEdkifiH [m jynfolawGudk zdESdyf tkyfcsKyfaewJh tpdk; &awGeJ @ yvl;yvJ vkyfwwfwJh tavhtx &Sdygw ,f? EdkifiHwumu ydwfqdk@ ta & ;,lxm;wmcH &wJh jrefrm/ ql'ef/ tD &ef / ZifbmawGEdkifiHawGrSm w &kwf [m oHwrefa & ; vHkjcHKr_ay;jyD; aps;uGuf csJ@xGifzdk@ =udK;pm;ovdk 'Dwdkif;jynfawGu o,HZmwjzpfwJh a &eH / obm0"mwfaiG@awGudk vufOD; & ,ljrJjzpfw,fvdk@ w &kwfEdkifiH ab*sif;jrdK@awmfrSm tajcpdkufwJh owif;axmuf rpPwm *|efqifu a & ;om;xm;ygw,f?

jyD;cJhwJhvtenf;i,fu w &kwfEdkifiHydkif yufx &dkcsdKif em;[m urBmay:rSm 10 EdkifiHajrmuf obm0"mwfaiG@ t=uG,f0qHk;EdkifiHvdk@ ajymae=uwJh jrefrmEdkifiHeJ@ pGrf;tifqdkif &m oabmwlpmcsKyfawG csKyfqdkEdkifcJhygw,f? jyD;cJhwJh Edk0ifbmvu yufx &dk csdKif;em;[m jrefrmhurf;vGef obm0"mwfaiG@odkufawGuae obm0"mwfaiG@ ukAay oef;axmifaygif; 70ausmfudk ,leefjynf ulrif;jrdK@txd ukef;vrf;uae ydkufvdkif;oG,f 0,f,lzdk@ oabmwlnDcsuf & &SdcJhygw ,f?

aemufwv=umwJhtcgrSmawmh jrefrmppftpdk; & [m w &kwf &Jh p &efwydkif wpjyef &ygw ,f? tJ'guawmh ukvor*~ vHkjcHKaumifpDrSm tjrJwrf; tzGJ@0ifjzpfwJh w &kwfu jrefrmudk pHkprf; jypf'%fay;csifwJh tar &duef &Jh awmif;qdkcsufudk =um;0ifcHay;vdkufwm jzpfygw,f?

w &kwf [m enf;rsdK;pHkeJ@ jrefrmppftpdk; & oufqdk; &Snfapzdk @ ulnDaxmufyHhae &m w &kwf [m tvGef tc &muswJh EdkifiH=uD;jzpfw,fvdk@ rpPwmwifrf *|efqifu a & ;om;ygw,f? w &kwfjrefrmukefoG ,fa & ; &Jh t"du toufaoG;a=um ae &muawmh w &kwfe ,fpyfjrdK@ jzpfwJh a & $vDjzpfygw,f?

w &kwfEdkifiH a & $vDjrdK@u jrdfK@awmf0efuawmh olwdk@[m jrefrmjynftwGuf vrf;awGazmufay;a=umif;/ jrefrmbufu yifv,fpmawGvdk/ ausmufrsufwGif;xGufawGvdk jyefaxmufyHhay;a=umif; ajym=um;cJhygw,f? 'Dvdk w &kwfu jrefrmEdkifiHudk pD;yGm;a & ;/ EdkifiHa & ;t & 0ifa &muf pGufzufaewmudk a'ocH jrefrmawGu rauseyf=uygbl;?

jyD;cJhwJh azazmf0g &Dvu &Srf oHawmfqifh owif;at*sifpD umwGef;wyk'frSm jrefrmEdkifiHudk w &kwfEdkifiH &J @ 24ck/ 25ckajrmuf jynfe,ftjzpf w &kwftpdk & t &m &SdawGu owfrSwf pm &if oGif;aewmudk azmfjycJhygw,f?

'gayr,fh/ a & $vDrSm tajcpdkufwJh OD;atmifausmfaZmuawmh jrefrm[m wzufowf *kwffaoG;pkyfcHae &wJh EdkifiHjzpfvdk@ jynfe,fjzpfwmurS 'DxuftajctaeomEdkifa=umif; tckvdk ajym=um;cJhygw,f?

OD;atmifausmfaZm (tck/ u|efawmfwdk@taeeJ@ajymr,fqdk &if / pD;yGm;a & ;t & udkvdkeDvkyfwmxuf wzufowfpD;yGm;a & ;t & aoG;pkwfcH &ovdk jzpfw,f/ u|efawmfwdk@ &Sdor # wdkif;jynf &Jh o,HZmwrSefor#/ bdk;bGm;tarGtESpfu ay;xm;cJhwJh/ &cJhwJh / u|efawmfwdk@ &Jh obm0tavsmuf u|efawmfwdk@ wdkif;jynf &Jh uHZmwt &yJjzpfjzpf / uH=urRmt &yJjzpfjzpf / u|efawmfwdk@rSm olwdk@rSmr &SdwJht &mtm vHk; u|efawmfwdk@rSm &Sdw ,f/ tJ'D[mawGudk 'Dtpdk; & vufxufusrS ajymifaeatmif ajymifovif;cgatmif aoG;pkwfjcif;cH &wmyJ ?)

1988-89 rSm w &kwf [m tm &S &J @ tqif; &JqHk EdkifiHjzpfwJh jrefrmudk o,HZmw=uG,f0wmawG/ tdENd, ork'N &mbuf ukefoG,fa & ;csJ@ &mrSm vrf;a=umif; jzpfvmEdkifwmawGeJ@ pwi frsufpdusvmcJhygw,f? jrefrm ppfacgif;aqmifawGuvnf; EdkifiHwum rsufESmpmrSm oHwrefa & ; axmufcHr_ &zdk @/ ukefoG,fa & ; &zdk @eJ@ a':vm oef;axmifaygif;rsm;pGm &SdwJh w &kwfvufeufawG 0,f,l & &Sdzdk @udk w &kwfudk csOf;uyfvmcJh=uygw,f?

w &kwfuvnf wjcm; tmz &dueJ @ ta &S @tv,fydkif;rSm vkyfwJh ADZoabmtwdkif; EdkifiHa & ; 0ifrpGufbl;/ pDyGm;a & ;om vkyfcGifhjyKygqdkjyD; 0ifa &mufvmcJhygw ,f?

jyD;cJhwJh/ azazmf0g &Dv 14 &ufuae 18 &ufxd =umcJhwJh w &kwfc &D pOfrSm w &kwf 0ef=uD;csKyf 0ef*sm;abmifu jrefrmtpdk; &udk qufvufaxmufcHaerSmjzpfjyD; ukvor*~vHkjcHKa & ;aumifpDrSm jrefrmudk ydwfqdk@ ta & ;,lwmawG vkyfvm &ifvnf w &kwfEdkifiHtaeeJ @ uef@uGufrSmjzpfa=umif; rdrdtm;ajymqdkcJhw,fvdk@ w &kwfc &D pOftjyefrSm jrefrmppftpdk; & 0ef=uD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf=uD;pdk;0if;u 0rf;omtm; & ajymqdka=unmcJhygw,f?

w &kwfeJ @ jrefrmppftpdk; & qufqHa & ;[m rl;,pfaq;pGJolawGeJ@ aq;a &mif wJholawGvdkyJvdk@vnf; OD;atmifausmfaZmu qdkygw,f?

OD;atmifausmfaZm (u|efawmfwcgajymzl;w,fAs/ bmeJ@wlovJqdkawmh/ u|efawmfwdk@ wdkif;jynfu tckvuf &Sd &SdwJhyk *~dKvfawGayghAsm/ bmeJ@wlovJqdk &if / wcsdefu tifrwef csrf;om =uG,f0cJhwJh txnf=uD;ysuf rdom;pkeJ@ om;orD;vdkjzpfjyD; olwdk@u rl;,pfaq;0g;pGJaewm/ tJ'Dawmh olwdk@ rl;,pfaq;0g; qufvuf oHk;pGJEdkifzdk@twGuf tdrfrSm &SdwJh bdk;bGm;tarGtESpf/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm csefxm;cJhwJh bD &dk =uD;awG/ u|ef;ukwif=uD;awG/ bm=uD;awGudk aps;aygaygeJ@ csa &mif jyD;awmh/ rl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;pGJzdk@ vkyfaewm/ tJ'Dvdkvkyfawmh/ tdrfeD;em;csif;rSm &SdwJh vlawGu tacsmifyJ=unfhaewm/ 'D zdk;orm;awG bmxkwfa &mif rvJayghAsm/ tm%mudk rufarmawmh/ tm%mtwGuf todtrSwfjyKr,fqdk &if tdrfwdkifudkc|wfa &mif rJh vlawGjzpfw,f/ tck w &kwfu 'gyJav/ olu wdkif;jynfudk axmufcHw,f/ cifAsm;wdk@udk jywfjywfom;om;axmufcHw,f/ vHkjcHKa & ;aumifpD wufwdkif &ifawmif bmjzpfw,f/ nmjzpfw,feJ@ ajymjyD;awmh/ u|efawmfwdk@qDuawmh ckeuajymovdkayghAsm/ 'gu olwdk@ &Jh bmac:rvJ/ ,pfrl;wJh pGJvrf;r_u bmvJ/ tm%mudk ,pfrl; pGJvrf;wm?)

tar &dueftpdk & &Jh trsdK;om;vHkjcHKa & ; r[mAsL[m pmwrf;rSm jynfolawGudk zdESdyftkyfcsKyfwJh tpdk; &qdkwm &ufpufr _/ qif; &JrGJawr _/ rwnfjidrfr_/ t*wdvdkufpm;r_ eJ@ jynfolawGudk tm%m &Sifacgif aqmif/ tm%m &SifpepfawG jyXmef;jyD; tkyfcsKyfaeolawGvdk@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f? 'DEdkifiHawGxJrSm ajrmufudk &D ,m;/ tD &ef / qD; &D ,m;/ usL;bm;/ bDvm; &yfpf / jrefrmeJ@ ZifbmawGEdkifiHawG yg0ifw,fvdk@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f?

'DEdkifiHawGeJ@ tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHawG[m 'D zdESdyftkyfcsKyfwJh tpdk; &awGa =umifh aemufqufwGJ oufa &mufr _awGudk awG@=uHKae=u &ovdk / jynfwGif;rSm zdESdyftkyfcsKyfolawGa=umifh jynfya'orSmyg rwnfjidrfr_awG jzpfapw,fqdkwmudkvnf; odxm;=uw,fvdk@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f?

tar &duef &J @ ta &S @awmiftm &S qdkif &m r[mAsL[m taeeJ@ jrefrmEdkifiHu &ufpuf =urf;=uKwfwJh tpdk; &atmufrSm 'kuQawG cHpm;ae &wJh jrefrmjynfolawGtygt0if a'oxJu jynfolawG &Jh / EdkifiHawG &Jh vGwfvyfcGifhudk us,fjyef@vmapzdk@udk a &S @ & _rSmjzpfw,fvdk@vnf; azmfjyxm;ygw,f?

ppftm%m &Siftpdk &atmufu jrefrmEdkifiH[m udk,fhtusdK;tjrwfom =unfhwJh w &kwfEdkifiHeJ @ 'Drdkua &pDpuf0ef csJ@xGifa & ; y"mejyKxm;wJh tar &duefwdk @ &J @ tusdK;pD;yGm; yËdyuQ &yf0ef wpfck jzpfvmaewmuawmh wpxuf wp xif &Sm vmaejyDjzpfwJhta=umif; wifjyvdkufygw,fcifAsm;? ?